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BAPA Plus app iconBAPA PlusSmarty Ears · for iPad

Bilingual Articulation and Phonology AssessmentSpanish and English speech sounds, scored on bilingual norms.

A standardized speech sound assessment for iPad, for SLPs who evaluate Spanish–English bilingual children. Test one language or both, mark errors as you go, and get standard scores, a full error analysis and a report as soon as you finish.

iPad · iPadOS 15.6 or later · Spanish and English tests · Standard scores for ages 3;0–10;11

BAPA Plus test screen: the English word zebra with its transcription; the /z/ is marked as produced [s]
Marking an English word for a bilingual child: /z/ produced as [s]. All students on this page are fictional demo data.
438children in the normative sample, ages 3;0–10;11
3sets of norms: Spanish, Bilingual English, English Only
49 + 62Spanish and English words, covering each language's sounds in every word position
2languages in one assessment, with one report
Who it's for

Built for the referral every bilingual SLP knows

A child who speaks Spanish at home and English at school is referred for speech. Is it a speech sound disorder, or English shaped by Spanish? BAPA Plus tests the sounds of both languages so you can tell the difference.

Bilingual children

Spanish–English bilingual children, assessed in both languages, with English scored on norms from bilingual children.

Spanish or English speakers

Monolingual Spanish speakers and monolingual English speakers too: test one language only.

SLPs who need numbers and patterns

Standard scores for eligibility conversations, and the error patterns behind them for goals and intervention.

What it assesses

Every sound, in every word position, in both languages

BAPA Plus has 49 Spanish words and 62 English words. Most sounds are tested more than once in each word position, consonant clusters are included, and the last words of each language are longer multisyllabic words, scored as whole words.

As you mark errors, BAPA Plus analyzes them by:

  • Position in the word
  • Manner of articulation
  • Voicing
  • Each word
  • Multisyllabic words
  • Error type

Error types include substitutions, distortions, deletions (initial, medial, final) and phonological processes such as cluster reduction, sequence reduction, fronting, backing, stopping, gliding, devoicing, assimilation, deaffrication, vocalization and syllable reduction.

Words tab for a demo student: each English and Spanish word, with errors in red and the error type beside it
The Words tab: every word in both languages, with the error type beside each error.
How an assessment works

Mark errors as you go. BAPA Plus does the math.

The BAPA manual reports nine to twenty minutes for the full assessment. Real screens from the 2026 version of the app.

  1. Add New Student form in BAPA Plus: name Ava L., date of birth, language Both, and the Dialectal Influences picker open on Chile

    1Add the student

    Name, date of birth, the language the child is exposed to or speaks (Spanish, English or Both) and any dialectal influence.

  2. New Assessment window for Sofía R., 5 years 6 months: choose first language tested, Spanish or English, with 3 Tests Left

    2Choose the first language

    For a bilingual child, pick which language to test first. After 8 words, BAPA Plus asks whether to keep going in that language.

  3. Test screen for the English word zebra, with the transcription s i br ə above the picture: the first sound marked in orange as [s] for /z/

    3The child names the picture

    The target sounds are in green above the picture. Tap a sound only when it is produced in error; correct sounds need no tap. A recorded model of each word is one tap away.

  4. Error menu on the /l/ in vanilla: Substitution, Distortion, Deletion, Gliding, Devoicing, Assimilation and Vocalization

    4Mark the error type

    Substitution, distortion or deletion, plus the processes that fit that sound in that word, such as gliding, fronting, stopping or cluster reduction.

  5. Substitution grid of IPA consonants for marking the sound that was produced

    5Pick the sound produced

    For a substitution, tap the sound the child said on the IPA grid. Notes and audio recordings (per word or the whole session) are optional.

  6. Assessment summary for the demo student Sofía R. with raw scores, standard scores, confidence intervals and percentiles in Spanish and English

    6Rate intelligibility and see the scores

    Finish with an overall intelligibility rating. Raw score, standard score, confidence interval and percentile appear for each language.

Results

Difference or disorder? See it at a glance.

Two fictional children, assessed in both languages in the app. The scores and patterns tell different stories.

Summary for the demo student Sofía R., 5 years 6 months: Spanish standard score 110, 50th percentile; English standard score 93, 25th percentile; intelligibility 90%

Sofía R. Within normal limits

5;6 · Spanish at home, English at school · kindergarten

SpanishEnglish
Standard score11093
Percentile50th25th

Her English errors follow Spanish: /v/→[b], /θ/→[t], /ð/→[d] and /z/→[s], consistently. Her Spanish is age-appropriate, and on the bilingual English norms her English is within normal limits too.

The SLP's recommendation: no therapy; share the transfer patterns with her teacher and monitor.

Demo data: fictional students created for these screenshots. Error patterns were chosen to be typical of each scenario.

Results and reports

From the last word to a finished report

Results open as soon as you rate intelligibility. Share the report by e-mail (PDF or HTML), print it, open it in another app, or export it to the Therapy Report Center app.

Error tab for the demo student Mateo G.: pie charts of error types in English and Spanish, led by final consonant deletion, fronting and cluster reduction
Error types and processes, by language
Report preview: the BAPA description and a score table with raw score, standard score and percentile in Spanish and English
An automatic report with the scores
Report preview: clinical notes and recommendations at the end of the report
Your notes and recommendations, in the report
  • Scores for each language: raw score, standard score, confidence interval (90% or 95%) and percentile.
  • Accuracy by word position, manner of articulation and voicing; multisyllabic words; error types as charts.
  • Notes and recommendations you write go into the report, along with your name and credentials if you turn that on in Settings.
  • Audio: record each word or the whole session and play recordings back from the student's assessment.
Standardization

How BAPA Plus was standardized

As reported in the BAPA manual.

438children, ages 3;0–10;11, in Central Texas
3norm sets: English Only (199 children), Bilingual English (194), Spanish (239)
95%of the Spanish speakers spoke Mexican Spanish
90%of the bilingual and Spanish groups were in dual-language programs

Spanish: one set of norms for monolingual Spanish and bilingual children together, because their results did not differ significantly. The manual cites research that found the same, including Fabiano-Smith & Goldstein (2010) and Goldstein, Fabiano & Washington (2005).

English: two sets of norms, one for children from English-only environments and one for bilingual children, because the bilingual children's English differed from monolingual English speakers'.

Language groups were assigned from parent reports of the languages used at home, daily exposure and the child's understanding and speaking in each language, and from whether the child could name the first test items.

Diagnostic accuracy

Sensitivity and specificity, from the normative sample plus 86 more children, at three standard-score cut points.

Group−1 SDSS 85−1.5 SDSS 77−2 SDSS 70
Spanish.94 / .90.72 / .92.56 / .95
Bilingual English.92 / .87.92 / .93.77 / .96

Sensitivity / specificity, as reported in the BAPA manual.

How the app uses the norms

  • Standard scores have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15; percentiles follow the skewed distribution of speech sound mastery.
  • A 90% or 95% confidence interval, your choice in Settings.
  • Spanish on the Spanish norms; English on the Bilingual English norms in a two-language assessment, and on the English Only norms when only English is given.

Read the BAPA manual (PDF, Bilinguistics)

Developed with Bilinguistics

BAPA's authors are Barbara Fernandes, M.S., CCC-SLP (Smarty Ears), and Ellen Stubbe Kester, Ph.D., CCC-SLP, Mary Bauman, M.S., CCC-SLP, and Scott Prath, M.A., CCC-SLP. Ellen Kester and Scott Prath are of Bilinguistics, the bilingual speech-language practice in Austin, Texas.

BAPA in research

BAPA has been used in university research and presented at ASHA, including giving it by telepractice: a 2019 ASHA Convention poster on administering BAPA via telepractice to a child with autism (Garza, Resendiz, Gonzales & Rojas; described in this TSHA article), and a 2020 Texas State University honors thesis, “Caution: BAPA in Progress” (Garza). These studies used BAPA; they did not evaluate its norms.

English and Spanish

Test the way the child speaks

One language or both

Choose Spanish, English or Both for each student. With Both, pick which language comes first. After 8 words, BAPA Plus asks whether the child is doing well enough to continue; if not, it moves to the other language and the report says so.

Dialects, noted

Record dialectal influences: Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Spain, Uruguay or Venezuela. They are not scored. For Spain, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Argentina and Uruguay the report lists the dialect features to consider before calling a production an error.

A near-native proficiency in Spanish is needed to give the Spanish portion, the BAPA manual advises, so that synonyms and dialect variants are recognized.

What SLPs say

From a bilingual SLP's review

It's a much needed tool, since there isn't many bilingual or Spanish articulation assessments out there.

Busy Bee Speech (blog review, 2013)

I really like it for comparing Spanish vs English artic skills.

Busy Bee Speech (blog review, 2013)

It yields lots of great data about both Spanish and English articulation skills.

Busy Bee Speech (blog review, 2013)

Quoted from App Review: Bilingual Articulation & Phonology Assessment (BAPA), Busy Bee Speech, October 3, 2013, a review of an earlier version of the app.

The subscription, plainly

Start free. Pay per test or test without limits.

3

free assessments on every iPad. One assessment is one start, and a two-language assessment counts as one.

Unlimited

Yearly

$89.99 a year

Unlimited assessments for unlimited children. Renews every year until you cancel.

Monthly

$9.99 a month

Unlimited assessments. Renews every month until you cancel.

Five tests

$9.99 5 assessments

No subscription. The tests never expire and stay on the iPad that bought them.

U.S. App Store prices on October 21, 2026, bought in the app through Apple. Your students, results and reports stay available if a subscription ends. See the questions below for cancelling, more than one iPad, and districts.

The BAPA Plus purchase screen: Pay Per Test, $9.99 for 5 tests; Unlimited Testing, $9.99 a month or $89.99 a year
The plans screen in the app.
For your bilingual caseload

Everything for your bilingual caseload: assess, then treat in Spanish

BAPA Plus answers the bilingual question. Two more Smarty Ears tools cover the English articulation detail and the therapy that follows.

AAT Plus app icon

Need the full English picture?

AAT Plus

Articulation Assessment Toolkit · iPad · free download
AAT Plus Sound Profile: each English sound charted by age, from 2 to 8, adapted from Sander (1972)
Developmental sound profile: each sound against typical acquisition ages (Sander, 1972).
AAT Plus Sentence-Level Screening: an illustrated sentence, The pigeon and goat are eating food in the tub, with reading and repetition options
Sentence screener: illustrated sentences, read or repeated, for connected speech.
AAT Plus Dynamic Stimulability Assessment: sounds to tap, with a /kr/ task in isolation and in words
Stimulability: each sound or cluster in isolation and in word positions.
AAT Plus Deep Rhotic Analysis: /r/ accuracy broken down by prevocalic, blend and vocalic contexts
/r/ screener: accuracy by type of /r/, to pinpoint therapy targets.

BAPA Plus or AAT Plus?

BAPA PlusAAT Plus
LanguagesSpanish and EnglishEnglish; record the student's English dialect (12 options)
ScoresStandardized, bilingual norms, ages 3;0–10;11Criterion-referenced, with a developmental sound profile
Best forDifference or disorder in a Spanish–English bilingual childA full English assessment, quick consonant, /r/ and sentence screeners, stimulability, and PDF reports

Many SLPs use both: BAPA Plus for the bilingual decision, AAT Plus for in-depth English analysis and therapy targets.

AAT Plus is a free download. In-app purchases, bought in the app through Apple: 5 tests $5.99, Monthly Unlimited Testing $5.99, Yearly Unlimited Tests $37.99 (U.S. App Store, October 21, 2026).

Treat in Spanish with Smarty Ears Online

Assess with BAPA Plus then treat in Spanish and English with Smarty Ears Online

More than 6,000 Spanish items for language, vocabulary, reading and social skills, plus 353 Spanish articulation words.

  • Set each student's “Language you'll work in” to Spanish, and games open in Spanish automatically.
  • Switch languages during a session; speech games have English and Spanish buttons.
  • In person or by teletherapy, in the browser.
  • The AI document writer works in 10 languages, including for parents and caregivers, and PDF reports show the student's language and bilingual status.

Spanish articulation

353 Spanish words, each with a phrase, a sentence and a question and their recordings, sorted by sound and word position, including the tap and trill /r/, blends and ñ. Plus a Spanish sound chart by age (3–6).

Speech Tic-Tac-Toe in Spanish for a preview student, Ava: a board of pictures with Spanish words such as rastrillo, rojo, reloj, regadera, ratón and reina
Speech Tic-Tac-Toe with word-initial trilled /r/ (rastrillo, rojo, rueda, reloj, refrigerador, regadera, rosa, ratón, reina).
Articulation Flashcard showing a white car and the Spanish sentence El carro de mi tío es de color blanco
Articulation Flashcard at sentence level: “El carro de mi tío es de color blanco.”
Spanish speech sounds chart by age from 3 to 6 years, including ñ, tap and trill r and blends
The Spanish speech sounds chart by age (3–6 years, with ñ, tap and trill /r/, blends), saved per student for every word game.
iName It in Spanish: a bedroom with a lamp to name, ¿Qué es esto?, with cue buttons and the sentence cue Apaga la
iName It in Spanish: sentence and first-sound cues, Spanish labels. Word finding for adults.
Why game in Spanish: ¿Por qué el cielo es azul? with four answer cards
Why: “¿Por qué el cielo es azul?”
Picture Matching in Spanish: ¿Puedes emparejar esta imagen? with a hat, sombrero
Picture Matching: “¿Puedes emparejar esta imagen?”

Speech

Spanish articulation, 353 words

  • Articulation Flashcard
  • Articulation Matching
  • Articulation Basketball
  • Guess What
  • Hot Air Speech
  • Sound Windows
  • Speech Balloons
  • Speech Bingo
  • Speech Go Fish
  • Speech Puzzle
  • Speech Tic-Tac-Toe

Language

2,864 Spanish items

  • WH Questions193
  • Why149
  • How54
  • Which49
  • Describe it to me990
  • Divergent Naming168
  • Adjective Remix164
  • Sentence Completion121
  • Phrase Builder303
  • Yes No Barn245
  • Would you rather238
  • Fun and Functional120
  • Learning about you70

Vocabulary

834 Spanish items

  • Picture Naming275
  • Picture Identification299
  • Picture Matching210
  • iName It — word finding for adults, 50 everyday words with Spanish cues50

Reading

1,273 Spanish items

  • Text-Image Match606
  • Image-Text Match605
  • Read and Answer62

Social language

1,341 Spanish items

  • Social Quest1,341

Listening and memory

59 Spanish items

  • Let's Order It59

Smarty Ears Online is a separate product with its own subscription. Spanish item counts as of October 2026.

FAQ

Questions SLPs ask about BAPA Plus

Subscription and billing

How does the BAPA Plus subscription work?

BAPA Plus is a free download. Every iPad starts with 3 free assessments. After that, choose one of three in-app purchases, sold by Apple through the App Store:

  • Unlimited testing, monthly: $9.99 a month, renews automatically.
  • Unlimited testing, yearly: $89.99 a year, renews automatically. This is the cost of one SLP's unlimited testing for a school year.
  • Five tests: $9.99 for 5 assessments. No subscription, and the tests never expire.

Prices are the U.S. App Store prices on October 21, 2026; Apple shows your local price before you buy. One assessment is one tap on Start Assessment, and a two-language (Spanish and English) assessment counts as one.

How do I cancel, and can I get a refund?

Subscriptions are managed by Apple, not by Smarty Ears. On your iPad, open Settings > your name > Subscriptions, tap BAPA Plus and tap Cancel Subscription (Apple's steps). As the purchase screen in the app explains, a subscription renews unless auto-renew is turned off at least 24 hours before the end of the current period. Refund requests also go to Apple, at reportaproblem.apple.com.

Can I use my subscription on more than one iPad? Do I need a Smarty Ears account?

There is no Smarty Ears account or login in BAPA Plus. Your subscription belongs to the Apple Account that bought it. To use it on another iPad, sign in to the App Store with that same Apple Account, open BAPA Plus and tap Info > Purchasing Center > Restore Purchase. Apple allows up to 10 devices per Apple Account for purchases (Apple).

Two things stay on the iPad where they started: the 3 free assessments and any 5-test packs. A 5-test pack is a one-time (consumable) purchase, so Restore Purchase cannot move it to another iPad.

Our district manages iPads with an MDM (such as Mosyle) and Apple School Manager. How do we license BAPA Plus for our SLPs?

All BAPA Plus purchases go through Apple, inside the app. Smarty Ears does not sell BAPA Plus directly, so there are no invoices, purchase orders, offer codes or team licenses.

  • Each SLP needs their own subscription, bought in the app with the Apple Account signed in on their iPad. Apple allows up to 10 devices per Apple Account for purchases.
  • Apple School Manager and your MDM can install the app on every iPad, but they cannot buy or assign BAPA Plus subscriptions. Managed Apple Accounts cannot make purchases.
  • Your MDM restrictions must allow in-app purchases and App Store sign-in on the iPad, or Buy and Restore Purchase will not work.
  • Districts usually reimburse the SLP, or use a district-managed Apple Account with a district payment method.

Need to request funding? Our funding letter builder can help.

How can I tell that unlimited testing is active on an iPad?

Select a student and tap New Assessment. Without a subscription, the top-right corner shows how many tests are left (for example, 3 Tests Left), and when none are left the button reads Buy Test. With an active subscription, a star badge replaces the count and the button always reads Start Assessment. If you subscribed and still see a count, make sure the iPad is signed in to the App Store with the Apple Account that subscribed, then tap Info > Purchasing Center > Restore Purchase.

What happens to my students and results if my subscription ends?

They stay. Students, completed assessments, results and reports remain in the app, and you can still open, print and share them. Only starting a new assessment needs a subscription or tests left.

Student data is kept in the app on your iPad. BAPA Plus has no Smarty Ears account or cloud sync, so keep copies of the reports you need by e-mailing, printing or saving them as PDF.

Giving the assessment

How long does an assessment take?

The BAPA manual reports nine to twenty minutes for the full assessment, depending on the child's attention, how often the recorded word models are used, the examiner's familiarity with BAPA and whether you record the session.

What ages is BAPA Plus for?

Standard scores and percentiles are available for ages 3;0 to 10;11, the ages of the normative sample. For a child outside that range, the app shows Out of Age Range for the standard score, and all the qualitative analysis (by sound, position, manner, voicing, word and error type) is still available.

Does it test Spanish, English or both?

Either language, or both. When you add a student, choose the language they are exposed to or speak: Spanish, English or Both. For a bilingual child you pick which language to test first. After the first 8 words, BAPA Plus asks whether the child is doing well enough to continue in that language; if not, it moves to the other language, and the report notes that testing in that language was stopped.

You can also note dialectal influences (for example Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain or Argentina). They are not scored. For some dialects the report adds the dialect features to consider before calling a production an error.

Can I give BAPA Plus by telepractice?

Researchers at Texas State University have reported giving BAPA by telepractice: monthly to a child in an international telepractice program (Garza & Resendiz, TSHA), and to three clients in El Salvador and Guatemala in an honors thesis (Garza, 2020). The BAPA manual does not report norms for remote administration, so weigh standard scores from a remote session with your clinical judgment.

Which iPads does it run on?

Any iPad with iPadOS 15.6 or later. BAPA Plus is an iPad app; it is not available for iPhone or Android.

Scores and norms

Is BAPA Plus standardized? How are the scores calculated?

Yes. As reported in the BAPA manual, BAPA was standardized on 438 children ages 3;0 to 10;11 in Central Texas, with three sets of norms: English Only, Bilingual English, and Spanish (monolingual and bilingual children together).

The raw score is the number of target sounds produced correctly. BAPA Plus converts it, for the child's age, into a standard score (mean 100, standard deviation 15), a percentile and a 90% or 95% confidence interval (you choose which in Settings). Spanish is scored on the Spanish norms. English is scored on the Bilingual English norms when the child is assessed in both languages, and on the English Only norms when only English is given.

Who were the norms based on?

All the children lived in Central Texas. Mexican Spanish was the dialect reported for 95% of the Spanish speakers, and 90% of the children in the bilingual and Spanish groups attended dual-language programs, learning to read and write in both languages. Children were assigned to language groups from parent reports of language use at home, daily exposure and the child's proficiency in each language, and from whether the child could name the first test items.

If the child you are assessing is from a different background, for example a Caribbean or Central American dialect, a newcomer with little English, or a child not in a dual-language program, the norms describe them less closely. Use the standard score together with the dialect notes, the error patterns, a speech sample and other evidence, as best practice recommends for any single test score.

Has BAPA been used in research?

Yes, as a measure in university work, including a poster at the 2019 ASHA Convention on giving BAPA by telepractice to a child with autism (Garza, Resendiz, Gonzales & Rojas, described in this TSHA article) and a 2020 Texas State University honors thesis on using BAPA during telepractice (Garza, 2020). These studies used BAPA; they are not studies of its norms.

Other questions

Is BAPA Plus part of Smarty Ears Online?

No. BAPA Plus is only available as an iPad app from the App Store. A Smarty Ears Online subscription does not include BAPA Plus, and a BAPA Plus subscription does not include Smarty Ears Online. They are separate products with separate subscriptions.

How do I get help?

E-mail [email protected]. In the app, Info also opens the manual, a video tutorial and a Contact Us e-mail.

BAPA logo with the two BAPA ducks

BAPA Plus for iPad

Free to download, with 3 free assessments. Spanish and English, standard scores on bilingual norms, a full error analysis and an automatic report. Requires iPadOS 15.6 or later.

Download on theApp Store · Free